by Ryan Gallagher of The Guardian
A multinational
security firm has secretly developed software capable of
tracking people's movements and predicting future behaviour by mining data from
social networking
websites.
A video
obtained by the Guardian [see below] reveals how an "extreme-scale analytics" system
created by Raytheon, the world's fifth largest defence contractor, can gather
vast amounts of information about people from websites including Facebook,
Twitter and Foursquare.
Raytheon says it has not sold the software – named Riot, or Rapid Information
Overlay Technology – to any clients. But the Massachusetts-based company has acknowledged the technology was shared with US government and industry as part of a joint research and development effort, in 2010, to help build a national security system capable of analysing "trillions of entities" from cyberspace.
The power of Riot to
harness popular websites for surveillance offers a rare insight into
controversial techniques that have attracted
interest from intelligence and national security agencies, at the same time
prompting civil liberties and online privacy concerns.
The sophisticated technology demonstrates how the same social networks that helped propel the Arab Spring revolutions can be transformed into a "Google for spies" and tapped as a means of monitoring and control.
Using Riot it is possible to gain an entire snapshot of a person's life – their friends, the places they visit charted on a map – in little more than a few clicks of a button.
In the video obtained by the Guardian, it is explained by Raytheon's "principal investigator" Brian Urch that photographs users post on social networks sometimes contain latitude and longitude details – automatically embedded by smartphones within "exif header data."
Riot pulls out this information, showing not only the photographs posted onto social networks by individuals, but also the location at which the photographs were taken.
"We're going to track one of our own employees," Urch says in the video, before bringing up pictures of "Nick," a Raytheon staff member used as an example target. With information gathered from social networks, Riot quickly reveals Nick frequently visits Washington Nationals Park, where on one occasion he snapped a photograph of himself posing with a blonde haired woman.
"We know where Nick's going, we know what Nick looks like," Urch explains, "now we want to try to predict where he may be in the future."
Riot can display on a spider diagram the associations and relationships between individuals online by looking at who they have communicated with over Twitter. It can also mine data from Facebook and sift GPS location information from Foursquare, a mobile phone app used by more than 25 million people to alert friends of their whereabouts. The Foursquare data can be used to display, in graph form, the top 10 places visited by tracked individuals and the times at which they visited them.
The video shows that Nick, who posts his location regularly on Foursquare, visits a gym frequently at 6am early each week. Urch quips: "So if you ever did want to try to get hold of Nick, or maybe get hold of his laptop, you might want to visit the gym at 6am on a Monday."
Mining from public
websites for law enforcement is considered legal in most countries. In February
last year, for instance, the FBI
requested help to develop a social-media mining application for monitoring
"bad actors or groups".
However, Ginger McCall,
an attorney at the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Centre, said the
Raytheon technology raised concerns about how troves of user data could be
covertly collected without oversight or regulation.
Raytheon, which made sales worth an estimated $25bn (£16bn) in 2012, did not want its Riot demonstration video to be revealed on the grounds that it says it shows a "proof of concept" product that has not been sold to any clients.
Jared Adams, a spokesman for Raytheon's intelligence and information systems department, said in an email: "Riot is a big data analytics system design we are working on with industry, national labs and commercial partners to help turn massive amounts of data into useable information to help meet our nation's rapidly changing security needs.
"Its innovative privacy features are the most robust that we're aware of, enabling the sharing and analysis of data without personally identifiable information [such as social security numbers, bank or other financial account information] being disclosed."
In December, Riot was featured in a newly published patent Raytheon is pursuing for a system designed to gather data on people from social networks, blogs and other sources to identify whether they should be judged a security risk.
In April, Riot was scheduled to be showcased at a US government and industry national security conference for secretive, classified innovations, where it was listed under the category "big data – analytics, algorithms."
According to records published by the US government's trade controls department, the technology has been designated an "EAR99" item under export regulations, which means it "can be shipped without a licence to most destinations under most circumstances".
How Raytheon software tracks you online
In this video obtained by the Guardian, Raytheon's
'principal investigator' Brian Urch explains how the Rapid Information Overlay
Technology (Riot) software uses photographs on social networks. These images
sometimes contain latitude and longitude details – automatically embedded by
smartphones within so-called 'exif header data'. Riot pulls out this
information, analysing not only the photographs posted by individuals, but also
the location where these images were taken.
This is a RIOT, all right. How can it track me, when I often have no idea of where I'm going or when I'm going to get there. I tell people, "You'll know if I'm going to come when you see me."
ReplyDeleteThis is not to negate the depths of depravity that "Our" Government is willing to go to.